Vaisesikasutra (Vaiśeṣikasūtra), attributed to Kaṇāda.
Passages bearing on propagation, impetus and the limit of division.

Text: GRETIL plain-text transformation of sa_kaNAda-vaizeSikasUtra.xml,
data entry Nozawa Masanobu, version 2020-07-31, Göttingen Register of
Electronic Texts in Indian Languages (GRETIL), SUB Göttingen.
URL: https://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil/corpustei/transformations/plaintext/sa_kaNAda-vaizeSikasUtra.txt
Licence of the electronic edition: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 4.0 International. The sutra text itself is ancient and in the public
domain; this file quotes a short excerpt of the electronic edition with
attribution, and the licence of that edition is recorded here.

Numbering follows this recension (Candrananda family). The vulgate/Upaskara
family numbers the sound sutra 2.2.31 rather than 2.2.36; the arrow sutras
carry the same numbers in both. Retrieved and verified 2026-09-18.

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Motion of a projectile: the arrow's flight is many motions, carried by an impression (5.1.16-18)
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  iṣāv ayugapat saṃyogaviśeṣāḥ karmānyatve hetuḥ  | kvs_5,1.16 |
  nodanād ādyam iṣoḥ karma karmakāritāc ca saṃskārād uttaraṃ tathottaram uttaraṃ ca  | kvs_5,1.17 |
  saṃskārābhāve gurutvāt patanam  | kvs_5,1.18 |

  Translation (working, for orientation only):
    The particular conjunctions in the arrow, being non-simultaneous, are the ground of the
    plurality of its motions. The first motion of the arrow is from impulsion; the next from
    the impression produced by that motion, and so the next, and the next. In the absence of
    the impression, falling results from gravity.

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The same falling rule stated for an unsupported body (5.1.7, 5.1.13)
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  saṃyogābhāve gurutvāt patanam  | kvs_5,1.7 |
  prayatnābhāve gurutvāt suptasya patanam  | kvs_5,1.13 |

  Translation (working, for orientation only):
    In the absence of conjunction, falling results from gravity. In the absence of effort,
    the sleeping man falls by gravity.

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Sound is produced from sound, and is non-eternal (2.2.36-37)
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  saṃyogād vibhāgāc chabdāc ca śabdaniṣpatteḥ  | kvs_2,2.36 |
  liṅgāc cānityaḥ  | kvs_2,2.37 |

  Translation (working, for orientation only):
    Because sound is produced from conjunction, from disjunction, and from sound.
    And from the inferential mark, it is non-eternal.

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The atom is imperceptible for want of magnitude (4.1.6-7)
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  mahaty anekadravyavattvād rūpāc copalabdhiḥ  | kvs_4,1.6 |
  adravyavattvāt paramāṇāv anupalabdhiḥ  | kvs_4,1.7 |

  Translation (working, for orientation only):
    Perception is of what is large, because it consists of many substances, and from colour.
    In the atom there is no perception, because it does not consist of [many] substances.

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